Algerian E-Commerce Firms’ Collection and Usage of Customers’ Personal Data: An Exploratory Study
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to identify the personal data collection and usage practices implemented by Algerian e-commerce companies. To achieve this, we adopt an exploratory approach based on a content analysis of the privacy policies available on the websites of 126 firms. The content is quantitatively assessed through coding and frequency counting, enabling a descriptive analysis. The results reveal a primary focus on the direct collection of identifying data, associated with a predominantly internal use for service provision.
Article Details
References
Aaronson, S. A. (2019). Data is different, and that’s why the world needs a new approach to governing cross-border data flows. Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance , 21(5), 441–460. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPRG-03-2019-0021
Aguirre, E., Mahr, D., Grewal, D., de Ruyter, K., & Wetzels, M. (2015). Unraveling the personalization paradox: The effect of information collection and trust-building strategies on online advertisement effectiveness. Journal of Retailing, 91(1), 34–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2014.09.005
Aktouf, O. (1987). Méthodologie des sciences sociales et approche qualitative des organisations. Une introduction à la démarche classique et une critique. Les Presses de l’Université du Québec. https://doi.org/10.1522/cla.ako.met
Awad, N. F., & Krishnan, M. S. (2006). The Personalization Privacy Paradox: An Empirical Evaluation of Information Transparency and the Willingness to Be Profiled Online for Personalization. MIS Quarterly, 30(1), 13–28
Becker, S. A. (2004). A usability study of internet privacy policies for state and commercial websites. International Journal of Services and Standards, 1(1), 52–68. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijss.2004.005688
Beke, F. T., Eggers, F., & Verhoef, P. C. (2018). Consumer informational privacy: Current knowledge and research directions. Foundations and Trends in Marketing, 11(1), 1–71. https://doi.org/10.1561/1700000057
Bianchi, A. (2023). Implications of zero party data on user decision-making in digital advertising : The implications of behavioral economics on decision-making. Behanomics, 1, 33–47. https://doi.org/10.55223/bej.7
Boritz, J. E., & No, W. G. (2011). E-commerce and privacy: Exploring what we know and opportunities for future discovery. Journal of Information Systems, 25(2), 11–45. https://doi.org/10.2308/isys-10090
Boroomand, F., Leiponen, A., & Vasudeva, G. (2022). Does the market value attention to data privacy? evidence from US-listed firms under the GDPR (Wharton Mack Institute Working Paper)
Calzolari, G., & Pavan, A. (2006). On the optimality of privacy in sequential contracting. Journal of Economic Theory, 130, 168–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2005.04.007
Cecere, G., Le Guel, F., & Rochelandet, F. (2015). Les modèles d’affaires numériques sont-ils trop indiscrets ? Une analyse empirique. Réseaux, 189(1), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.3917/res.189.0077
Chellappa, R. K., & Sin, R. G. (2005). Personalization versus Privacy: An Empirical Examination of the Online Consumer’s Dilemma. Information Technology and Management, 6, 181–202. https://doi.org/10.3138/cras.42.1.7
Cinar, N., & Ateş, S. (2022). Data Privacy in Digital Advertising: Towards a Post Third-Party Cookie Era. In M. Filimowicz (Ed.), Privacy: Algorithms and Society (pp. 55–77). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4041963
Ciuriak, D. (2018). The Economics of Data: Implications for the Data-Driven Economy. In Data Governance in the Digital Age. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3118022
Coyle, D., Diepeveen, S., Wdowin, J., Kay, L., & Tennison, J. (2020). The Value of Data Policy Implications. In Bennett Institute for Public Policy, Cambridge and the Open Data Institute.
DataReportal. (2024). Digital 2024: Algeria — DataReportal – Global Digital Insights. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2024-algeria
Desai, M. S., Desai, K. J., & Phelps, L. D. (2012). E-commerce policies and customer privacy: A longitudinal study (2000-2010). Information Management and Computer Security, 20(3), 222–244. https://doi.org/10.1108/09685221211247325
Dias, G. P., Gomes, H., & Zúquete, A. (2013). Privacy policies in web sites of portuguese municipalities: An empirical study. In Advances in information systems and technologies (pp. 87–96). Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Faroukhi, A. Z., El Alaoui, I., Gahi, Y., & Amine, A. (2020). Big data monetization throughout Big Data Value Chain: a comprehensive review. Journal of Big Data, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-019-0281-5
Hermalin, B. E., & Katz, M. L. (2006). Privacy, property rights and efficiency: The economics of privacy as secrecy. Quantitative Marketing and Economics, 4(3), 209–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11129-005-9004-7
Hirshleifer, J. (1971). The Private and Social Value of Information and the Reward to Inventive Activity. American Economic Review, 61(4), 561–574
Javed, Y., Al Qahtani, E., & Shehab, M. (2021). Privacy Policy Analysis of Banks and Mobile Money Services in the Middle East. Future Internet, 13(10), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ fi1301001
Javed, Y., Salehin, K. M., & Shehab, M. (2020). A study of South Asian websites on privacy compliance. IEEE Access, 8, 156067–156083. 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3019334
Jiang, Y., & Syn, T. (2023). Online privacy policy disclosure: an empirical investigation. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 63(3), 663–680. 10.1080/08874417.2022.2095542
Krafft, M., Kumar, V., Harmeling, C., Singh, S., Zhu, T., Chen, J., Duncan, T., Fortin, W., & Rosa, E. (2021). Insight is power: Understanding the terms of the consumer-firm data exchange. Journal of Retailing, 97(1), 133–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2020.11.001
Laudon, K. C. (1996). Markets and Privacy. Communications of the ACM, 39(9), 92–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-415040-9.50142-1
Li, H., Sarathy, R., & Xu, H. (2010). Understanding Situational Online Information Disclosure as a Privacy Calculus. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 51(1), 62–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2010.11645450
Liu, C., & Arnett, K. P. (2002). An Examination of Privacy Policies in Fortune 500 Web Sites. Mid-American Journal of Business, 17(1), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1108/19355181200200001
Law No. 18-07 of 25 Ramadhan 1439 corresponding to June 10, 2018 related to the protection of individuals in the processing of personal data. (2018)
Martin, K. D., & Palmatier, R. W. (2020). Data Privacy in Retail: Navigating Tensions and Directing Future Research. Journal of Retailing, 96(4), 449–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2020.10.002
Mayer-Schönberger, V., & Cukier, K. (2013). Big Data : A Revolution that Will Transform how We Live, Work, and Think. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Meinert, D. B. (2006). Privacy Policy Statements and Consumer Willingness to Provide Personal Information. Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations, 4(1), 1–17.
Milne, G. R., Pettinico, G., Hajjat, F. M., & Markos, E. (2017). Information Sensitivity Typology : Mapping the Degree and Type of Risk Consumers Perceive in Personal Data Sharing. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 51(1), 133–161
Miltgen, C. L. (2006). Dévoilement de soi et réponses du consommateur face à une sollicitation de ses données personnelles : une application aux formulaires sur Internet. Doctoral dissertation. University of Paris Dauphine
Nyshadham, E. A. (2000). Privacy policies of air travel web sites: A survey and analysis. Journal of Air Transport Management, 6(3), 143–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-6997(00)00007-7
Ofulue, J., & Benyoucef, M. (2022). Data monetization: insights from a technology-enabled literature review and research agenda. Management Review Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-022-00309-1
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2019). Good practice guide on consumer data. In OECD Digital Economy Papers (Issue 290)
Parvinen, P., Pöyry, E., Gustafsson, R., Laitila, M., & Rossi, M. (2020). Advancing data monetization and the creation of data-based business models. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 47(2), 25–49. https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.04702
Polonioli, A. (2022). Zero party data between hype and hope. Frontiers in Big Data, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2022.943372
Posner, R. A. (1981). The Economics of Privacy. The American Economic Review, 71(2), 405–409
Quach, S., Thaichon, P., Martin, K. D., Weaven, S., & Palmatier, R. W. (2022). Digital technologies: tensions in privacy and data. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 50(6), 1299–1323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-022-00845-y
Rachedi, A., & Hamou, N. (2022). Le futur du e-commerce en Algérie : les perspectives pour les années à venir. Revue Organisation & Travail, 10(4), 318–336
Rochelandet, F. (2010). Economie des données personnelles et de la vie privée. In Repères. La Découverte.
Statista. (2023). Data growth worldwide 2010-2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/871513/worldwide-data-created/
Statista. (2024). Number of users of e-commerce in Algeria 2020-2029. https://www.statista.com/forecasts/1331902/number-of-e-commerce-users-in-algeria
Tsai, J. Y., Egelman, S., Cranor, L., & Acquisti, A. (2011). The effect of online privacy information on purchasing behavior: An experimental study. Information Systems Research, 22(2), 254–268. 110.1287/isre.l090.0260
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2021). Rapport sur l’économie numérique 2021 (Issue September)
Varian, H. R. (2002). Economic Aspects of Personal Privacy. In W. H. Lehr & L. M. Pupillo (Eds.), Cyber Policy and Economics in an Internet Age. Topics in Regulatory Economics and Policy Series. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/b104899_7
Wagner, I. (2023). Privacy policies across the ages: Content of privacy policies 1996–2021. ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security, 26(3), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1145/3590152
Wang, Y., & Herrando, C. (2019). Does privacy assurance on social commerce sites matter to millennials? International Journal of Information Management, 44(December 2017), 164–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.10.016
Winkler, S., & Zeadally, S. (2016). Privacy policy analysis of popular web platforms. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 35(2), 75–85. 10.1109/MTS.2016.2554419
Xu, H., Dinev, T., Smith, J., & Hart, P. (2011). Information Privacy Concerns : Linking Individual Perceptions with Institutional Privacy Assurances Information Privacy Concerns : Linking Individual Perceptions with Institutional Privacy Assurances. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 12(12), 798–824
Zhang, X., Yue, W. T., Yu, Y., & Zhang, X. (2023). How to monetize data: An economic analysis of data monetization strategies under competition. Decision Support Systems. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2023.114012